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Soil minimum 50F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; yellow, gold, bronze, red."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"3 options","score":100,"detail":"Dwarf and pollenless cutting types behave very differently; choose by job."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Teddy Bear","type":"cultivar","traits":["dwarf","double bloom","container friendly"],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"gold","note":"A compact sunflower that can live near the front of a productive bed.","fitScore":80,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"ProCut","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","single stem","pollenless"],"daysToMaturity":[50,60],"color":"yellow to bronze","note":"A florist-style series for fast, timed cut stems.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Mammoth","type":"cultivar","traits":["very tall","seed head","back edge"],"heightInches":[96,144],"color":"yellow","note":"Only makes sense where height and shade are planned on purpose.","fitScore":62,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"marigold","commonName":"Marigold","scientificName":"Tagetes spp.","family":"Asteraceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"tender","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":55,"preferred":[65,80]},"maturityDays":[50,70],"startIndoors":{"start":-42,"end":-28,"label":"Start indoors 4 to 6 weeks before last frost."},"directSow":{"start":14,"end":60,"label":"Direct sow after warm weather arrives."},"transplant":{"start":14,"end":42,"label":"Transplant after frost."},"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"none","companions":["tomato","pepper","bean","basil"],"cautions":["Deadhead for steady bloom."],"fvfNote":"Marigolds are little lanterns in the vegetable bed. Useful, bright, and hard to regret.","color":"#d98232","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","cornell-vegetable-guides"]},"profile":{"aliases":["French marigold","African marigold","signet marigold"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","beneficial insect","edge plant","container"],"habit":"mounded annual flower","heightInches":[8,36],"spreadInches":[8,18],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["yellow","orange","gold","red"],"attracts":["hoverflies","bees"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0.25,"germinationDays":[4,10],"squareFootUse":"Use compact French or signet types on edges; give tall African types more room.","varietyNotes":"Signet types are airy and edible; French types stay tidy; African types are bigger show plants.","varieties":[{"name":"Bonanza","type":"series","traits":["French","compact","bed edge"],"heightInches":[10,12],"color":"orange and yellow","note":"Reliable edge color without crowding vegetables."},{"name":"Gem","type":"series","traits":["signet","edible petals","airy"],"heightInches":[10,14],"color":"yellow to orange","note":"A softer marigold for herbs, tomatoes, and path edges."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Tagetes spp.","inaturalist":"Tagetes spp.","perenual":"Marigold","trefle":"Tagetes spp."}},"score":{"totalScore":91,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Tagetes spp. in Asteraceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"1 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":100,"detail":"3 planting windows, 55F minimum soil, 1 caution."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Tagetes spp.","family":"Asteraceae","genus":"Tagetes","species":"Tagetes spp.","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Marigold","Tagetes spp.","French marigold","African marigold","signet marigold"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","cornell-vegetable-guides"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":86,"detail":"Use compact French or signet types on edges; give tall African types more room. 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Soil minimum 55F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; yellow, orange, gold, red."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Signet types are airy and edible; French types stay tidy; African types are bigger show plants."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Bonanza","type":"series","traits":["French","compact","bed edge"],"heightInches":[10,12],"color":"orange and yellow","note":"Reliable edge color without crowding vegetables.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Gem","type":"series","traits":["signet","edible petals","airy"],"heightInches":[10,14],"color":"yellow to orange","note":"A softer marigold for herbs, tomatoes, and path edges.","fitScore":70,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"calendula","commonName":"Calendula","scientificName":"Calendula officinalis","family":"Asteraceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"semi-hardy","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":45,"preferred":[55,70]},"maturityDays":[50,65],"directSow":{"start":-21,"end":45,"label":"Direct sow in cool spring soil."},"successionDays":28,"sun":"full to part sun","water":"moderate","support":"none","companions":["broccoli","tomato","lettuce","onion"],"cautions":["May slow down in summer heat."],"fvfNote":"Calendula belongs at the edge of things, softening the vegetable bed without demanding much.","color":"#c99732","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","cornell-vegetable-guides"]},"profile":{"aliases":["pot marigold"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","beneficial insect","edge plant"],"habit":"cool-season annual flower","heightInches":[12,24],"spreadInches":[10,18],"bloomSeason":["spring","early summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["orange","gold","cream"],"edibleParts":["petals"],"attracts":["bees","hoverflies"],"pollinatorValue":"high","sowDepthInches":0.25,"germinationDays":[7,14],"squareFootUse":"Place on cool-season edges where flowers can spill a little without shading seedlings.","harvestNotes":"Pick fresh blooms to keep the plant making more.","varietyNotes":"Choose compact mixes for bed edges and longer-stemmed types for cutting.","varieties":[{"name":"Pacific Beauty","type":"mix","traits":["cut flower","warm colors","easy"],"heightInches":[18,24],"color":"orange, gold, cream","note":"A simple mix that gives a lot of bloom for little fuss."},{"name":"Zeolights","type":"cultivar","traits":["soft bronze","cut flower","unusual color"],"heightInches":[18,24],"color":"bronze peach","note":"A more romantic calendula if the garden needs a little glow."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Calendula officinalis","inaturalist":"Calendula officinalis","perenual":"Calendula","trefle":"Calendula officinalis"}},"score":{"totalScore":86,"verdict":"strong garden record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Calendula officinalis in Asteraceae; 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Soil minimum 45F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; orange, gold, cream."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Choose compact mixes for bed edges and longer-stemmed types for cutting."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Pacific Beauty","type":"mix","traits":["cut flower","warm colors","easy"],"heightInches":[18,24],"color":"orange, gold, cream","note":"A simple mix that gives a lot of bloom for little fuss.","fitScore":84,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Zeolights","type":"cultivar","traits":["soft bronze","cut flower","unusual color"],"heightInches":[18,24],"color":"bronze peach","note":"A more romantic calendula if the garden needs a little glow.","fitScore":84,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"dahlia","commonName":"Dahlia","scientificName":"Dahlia pinnata hybrids","family":"Asteraceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"tender","perSquareFoot":0.5,"spacingInches":18,"soilTempF":{"minimum":55,"preferred":[60,75]},"maturityDays":[90,120],"transplant":{"start":14,"end":42,"label":"Plant tubers after frost in warming soil."},"sun":"full sun","water":"steady","support":"stake","companions":["basil","marigold","calendula"],"cautions":["Tubers cannot freeze.","Stake early before stems get heavy."],"fvfNote":"Dahlias ask you to believe in August while you are still standing in May.","color":"#b64e79","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","cornell-vegetable-guides"]},"profile":{"aliases":["garden dahlia","cut flower dahlia"],"lifecycle":"tender perennial","roles":["cut flower","pollinator"],"habit":"tuberous flower","heightInches":[24,60],"spreadInches":[18,30],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["white","pink","red","orange","yellow","purple"],"attracts":["bees"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","squareFootUse":"Give one plant at least two squares and stake before the stems are heavy.","harvestNotes":"Cut when blooms are mostly open; 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Soil minimum 55F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; white, pink, red, orange."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Choose smaller decorative types for beds and reserve dinnerplates for dedicated flower space."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Bishop of Llandaff","type":"cultivar","traits":["open flower","pollinator access","dark foliage"],"heightInches":[30,36],"color":"red","note":"More useful to insects than tight decorative blooms.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Cafe au Lait","type":"cultivar","traits":["large bloom","cut flower","needs room"],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"cream blush","note":"Beautiful, but not a casual square-foot citizen.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"zinnia","commonName":"Zinnia","scientificName":"Zinnia elegans","family":"Asteraceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"tender","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":60,"preferred":[70,85]},"maturityDays":[60,75],"startIndoors":{"start":-28,"end":-14,"label":"Start indoors 2 to 4 weeks before last frost if you want earlier bloom."},"directSow":{"start":7,"end":70,"label":"Direct sow after frost in warm soil; repeat for fresh cut stems."},"transplant":{"start":7,"end":35,"label":"Transplant after nights have settled and roots are not cramped."},"successionDays":21,"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"stake","companions":["tomato","basil","pepper","cucumber"],"cautions":["Needs airflow to avoid powdery mildew.","Do not rush into cold wet soil."],"fvfNote":"Zinnias are the cheerful kind of practical. They bring pollinators, cut stems, and color that makes the vegetable bed feel invited to a party.","color":"#d84f6a","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["common zinnia","cut-and-come-again zinnia"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","beneficial insect","edge plant"],"habit":"upright warm-season annual flower","heightInches":[12,48],"spreadInches":[10,18],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["pink","red","orange","yellow","white","green","purple"],"attracts":["bees","butterflies","hoverflies"],"pollinatorValue":"high","sowDepthInches":0.25,"germinationDays":[3,10],"squareFootUse":"Use compact types in one square, or place taller cutting types where airflow and staking are easy.","harvestNotes":"Cut when stems pass the wiggle test; deadhead constantly for more bloom.","varietyNotes":"Choose compact bedding types for vegetable-bed edges and Benary or Oklahoma types for cut stems.","varieties":[{"name":"Benary's Giant","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","large bloom","long stem"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"many colors","note":"The workhorse cutting zinnia, best with airflow and support."},{"name":"Oklahoma","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","smaller bloom","productive"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[30,40],"color":"many colors","note":"A generous series for steady bouquets without giant heads."},{"name":"Profusion","type":"series","traits":["compact","disease tolerant","edge plant"],"daysToMaturity":[60,70],"heightInches":[12,18],"color":"orange, white, cherry, yellow","note":"Better for tidy square-foot edges than tall cutting rows."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Zinnia elegans","inaturalist":"Zinnia elegans","perenual":"Zinnia","trefle":"Zinnia elegans"}},"score":{"totalScore":94,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Zinnia elegans in Asteraceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":92,"detail":"1 per square with stake support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":100,"detail":"3 planting windows, 60F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":100,"detail":"3 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Zinnia elegans","family":"Asteraceae","genus":"Zinnia","species":"Zinnia elegans","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Zinnia","Zinnia elegans","common zinnia","cut-and-come-again zinnia"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":92,"detail":"Use compact types in one square, or place taller cutting types where airflow and staking are easy. Support: stake."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"tender","score":100,"detail":"Indoor start. Direct sow. Transplant. Repeat about every 21 days."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":74,"detail":"Needs airflow to avoid powdery mildew. Do not rush into cold wet soil. Soil minimum 60F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; pink, red, orange, yellow."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"3 options","score":100,"detail":"Choose compact bedding types for vegetable-bed edges and Benary or Oklahoma types for cut stems."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Profusion","type":"series","traits":["compact","disease tolerant","edge plant"],"daysToMaturity":[60,70],"heightInches":[12,18],"color":"orange, white, cherry, yellow","note":"Better for tidy square-foot edges than tall cutting rows.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Benary's Giant","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","large bloom","long stem"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"many colors","note":"The workhorse cutting zinnia, best with airflow and support.","fitScore":72,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"},{"name":"Oklahoma","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","smaller bloom","productive"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[30,40],"color":"many colors","note":"A generous series for steady bouquets without giant heads.","fitScore":72,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"cosmos","commonName":"Cosmos","scientificName":"Cosmos bipinnatus","family":"Asteraceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"tender","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":55,"preferred":[65,80]},"maturityDays":[70,90],"directSow":{"start":7,"end":56,"label":"Direct sow after frost; thin before plants get leggy."},"transplant":{"start":7,"end":35,"label":"Transplant carefully after frost if started in cells."},"sun":"full sun","water":"low","support":"stake","companions":["tomato","pepper","dill","calendula"],"cautions":["Rich soil can make lanky plants with fewer blooms.","Tall stems may need a discreet support."],"fvfNote":"Cosmos makes the garden loosen its shoulders. It is airy, generous, and best when you do not overfeed it.","color":"#c7689d","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["garden cosmos"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","beneficial insect"],"habit":"airy branching annual flower","heightInches":[24,60],"spreadInches":[18,30],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["white","pink","rose","crimson"],"attracts":["bees","butterflies","hoverflies"],"pollinatorValue":"high","sowDepthInches":0.25,"germinationDays":[5,10],"squareFootUse":"Use one square on an edge or corner; pinch early so it branches instead of becoming a tower.","harvestNotes":"Cut when petals are just opening; avoid overfeeding if you want flowers instead of foliage.","varietyNotes":"Choose shorter varieties for mixed beds and taller varieties for dedicated flower runs.","varieties":[{"name":"Sensation Mix","type":"mix","traits":["classic","tall","easy"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[36,60],"color":"white, pink, rose","note":"A loose, romantic cosmos that wants a little room."},{"name":"Sonata","type":"series","traits":["compact","container friendly","edge plant"],"daysToMaturity":[70,85],"heightInches":[20,28],"color":"white, pink, carmine","note":"A better square-foot option where height must stay controlled."},{"name":"Xanthos","type":"cultivar","traits":["soft yellow","compact","cut flower"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[20,28],"color":"pale yellow","note":"A gentler color and habit for beds that do not want shouting."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Cosmos bipinnatus","inaturalist":"Cosmos bipinnatus","perenual":"Cosmos","trefle":"Cosmos bipinnatus"}},"score":{"totalScore":92,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Cosmos bipinnatus in Asteraceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":92,"detail":"1 per square with stake support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":92,"detail":"2 planting windows, 55F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":100,"detail":"3 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Cosmos bipinnatus","family":"Asteraceae","genus":"Cosmos","species":"Cosmos bipinnatus","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Cosmos","Cosmos bipinnatus","garden cosmos"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":92,"detail":"Use one square on an edge or corner; pinch early so it branches instead of becoming a tower. Support: stake."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"tender","score":92,"detail":"Direct sow. Transplant. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"low water","score":74,"detail":"Rich soil can make lanky plants with fewer blooms. Tall stems may need a discreet support. Soil minimum 55F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; white, pink, rose, crimson."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"3 options","score":100,"detail":"Choose shorter varieties for mixed beds and taller varieties for dedicated flower runs."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Xanthos","type":"cultivar","traits":["soft yellow","compact","cut flower"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[20,28],"color":"pale yellow","note":"A gentler color and habit for beds that do not want shouting.","fitScore":100,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Sonata","type":"series","traits":["compact","container friendly","edge plant"],"daysToMaturity":[70,85],"heightInches":[20,28],"color":"white, pink, carmine","note":"A better square-foot option where height must stay controlled.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Sensation Mix","type":"mix","traits":["classic","tall","easy"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[36,60],"color":"white, pink, rose","note":"A loose, romantic cosmos that wants a little room.","fitScore":46,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"nasturtium","commonName":"Nasturtium","scientificName":"Tropaeolum majus","family":"Tropaeolaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"tender","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":55,"preferred":[60,75]},"maturityDays":[55,70],"directSow":{"start":7,"end":56,"label":"Direct sow after frost; nick or soak seed if germination is slow."},"sun":"full to part sun","water":"moderate","support":"none","companions":["cucumber","squash","radish","cabbage"],"cautions":["Very rich soil favors leaves over flowers.","Trailing types need edge space."],"fvfNote":"Nasturtium is a little wild in the best way. It tumbles, blooms, feeds bees, and gives the bed a peppery edge.","color":"#d96f2f","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["garden nasturtium"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","edge plant","trap crop","container"],"habit":"mounding or trailing annual flower","heightInches":[8,18],"spreadInches":[12,48],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["orange","yellow","red","cream"],"edibleParts":["flowers","leaves","seed pods"],"attracts":["bees"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0.5,"germinationDays":[7,14],"squareFootUse":"Use compact forms inside the bed and trailing forms on a corner where they can spill.","harvestNotes":"Pick flowers and young leaves for peppery salads; watch aphids if using as a trap crop.","varietyNotes":"Mounding types are easier in a grid; trailing types are lovely but need permission to roam.","varieties":[{"name":"Alaska","type":"series","traits":["variegated foliage","mounding","edible flowers"],"daysToMaturity":[55,70],"heightInches":[10,14],"color":"mixed warm colors","note":"A tidy nasturtium with foliage pretty enough to earn its square."},{"name":"Jewel Mix","type":"mix","traits":["compact","bright flowers","easy"],"daysToMaturity":[55,70],"heightInches":[10,16],"color":"orange, yellow, red","note":"The sensible mixed-bed nasturtium."},{"name":"Trailing Single","type":"group","traits":["spilling","long vines","edge only"],"daysToMaturity":[60,75],"heightInches":[8,12],"color":"mixed","note":"Use where the plant can tumble out, not into the carrots."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Tropaeolum majus","inaturalist":"Tropaeolum majus","perenual":"Nasturtium","trefle":"Tropaeolum majus"}},"score":{"totalScore":88,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Tropaeolum majus in Tropaeolaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"1 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":79,"detail":"1 planting window, 55F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":100,"detail":"3 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Tropaeolum majus","family":"Tropaeolaceae","genus":"Tropaeolum","species":"Tropaeolum majus","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Nasturtium","Tropaeolum majus","garden nasturtium"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":86,"detail":"Use compact forms inside the bed and trailing forms on a corner where they can spill. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"tender","score":79,"detail":"Direct sow. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":80,"detail":"Very rich soil favors leaves over flowers. Trailing types need edge space. Soil minimum 55F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; orange, yellow, red, cream."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"3 options","score":100,"detail":"Mounding types are easier in a grid; trailing types are lovely but need permission to roam."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Jewel Mix","type":"mix","traits":["compact","bright flowers","easy"],"daysToMaturity":[55,70],"heightInches":[10,16],"color":"orange, yellow, red","note":"The sensible mixed-bed nasturtium.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Alaska","type":"series","traits":["variegated foliage","mounding","edible flowers"],"daysToMaturity":[55,70],"heightInches":[10,14],"color":"mixed warm colors","note":"A tidy nasturtium with foliage pretty enough to earn its square.","fitScore":70,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Trailing Single","type":"group","traits":["spilling","long vines","edge only"],"daysToMaturity":[60,75],"heightInches":[8,12],"color":"mixed","note":"Use where the plant can tumble out, not into the carrots.","fitScore":70,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs permission to leave the square"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"borage","commonName":"Borage","scientificName":"Borago officinalis","family":"Boraginaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"semi-hardy","perSquareFoot":0.5,"spacingInches":18,"soilTempF":{"minimum":50,"preferred":[60,75]},"maturityDays":[55,75],"directSow":{"start":-7,"end":42,"label":"Direct sow around the frost shoulder; it dislikes fussy transplanting."},"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"none","companions":["tomato","strawberry","squash","cucumber"],"cautions":["Self-sows readily.","Give it room; mature plants are broad."],"fvfNote":"Borage is blue-starred confidence. Bees find it immediately, and the bed feels more alive for having it there.","color":"#4c79ad","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["starflower"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["pollinator","beneficial insect","edge plant"],"habit":"broad self-sowing annual herb flower","heightInches":[18,36],"spreadInches":[18,30],"bloomSeason":["summer"],"bloomColors":["blue","pink"],"edibleParts":["flowers"],"attracts":["bees","bumblebees"],"pollinatorValue":"high","sowDepthInches":0.5,"germinationDays":[5,15],"squareFootUse":"Use on a corner or nearby pollinator strip; mature plants are too wide for the middle of a tight grid.","harvestNotes":"Pick young flowers for garnish and leave plenty for bees.","varietyNotes":"Most garden borage is grown as the straight species; white forms are mostly an ornamental choice.","varieties":[{"name":"Common Blue","type":"species","traits":["blue flowers","bee plant","self-sows"],"daysToMaturity":[55,75],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"blue","note":"The main borage to grow when pollinator value is the point."},{"name":"Alba","type":"cultivar","traits":["white flowers","edible bloom","novelty"],"daysToMaturity":[55,75],"heightInches":[18,30],"color":"white","note":"Pretty and useful, but less iconic than the blue form."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Borago officinalis","inaturalist":"Borago officinalis","perenual":"Borage","trefle":"Borago officinalis"}},"score":{"totalScore":85,"verdict":"strong garden record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Borago officinalis in Boraginaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":80,"detail":"multi-square crop with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":79,"detail":"1 planting window, 50F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Borago officinalis","family":"Boraginaceae","genus":"Borago","species":"Borago officinalis","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Borage","Borago officinalis","starflower"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"2 squares per plant","score":80,"detail":"Use on a corner or nearby pollinator strip; mature plants are too wide for the middle of a tight grid. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"semi-hardy","score":79,"detail":"Direct sow. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":80,"detail":"Self-sows readily. Give it room; mature plants are broad. Soil minimum 50F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"pollinator, beneficial insect","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; blue, pink."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Most garden borage is grown as the straight species; white forms are mostly an ornamental choice."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Alba","type":"cultivar","traits":["white flowers","edible bloom","novelty"],"daysToMaturity":[55,75],"heightInches":[18,30],"color":"white","note":"Pretty and useful, but less iconic than the blue form.","fitScore":70,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Common Blue","type":"species","traits":["blue flowers","bee plant","self-sows"],"daysToMaturity":[55,75],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"blue","note":"The main borage to grow when pollinator value is the point.","fitScore":64,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"sweet-alyssum","commonName":"Sweet Alyssum","scientificName":"Lobularia maritima","family":"Brassicaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"semi-hardy","perSquareFoot":4,"spacingInches":6,"soilTempF":{"minimum":45,"preferred":[55,70]},"maturityDays":[45,60],"startIndoors":{"start":-42,"end":-21,"label":"Start indoors 3 to 6 weeks before last frost for early edging."},"directSow":{"start":-14,"end":42,"label":"Surface sow in cool weather; seed needs light."},"transplant":{"start":-7,"end":35,"label":"Transplant around the cool shoulder season."},"successionDays":28,"sun":"full to part sun","water":"moderate","support":"none","companions":["lettuce","broccoli","tomato","pepper"],"cautions":["Can pause in heat.","Surface-sown seed dries quickly."],"fvfNote":"Sweet alyssum is the garden's low hum. It edges paths, feeds tiny beneficial insects, and softens the hard lines of a square bed.","color":"#f0ece2","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["alyssum","sweet alison"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["pollinator","beneficial insect","edge plant","container"],"habit":"low spreading annual flower","heightInches":[3,10],"spreadInches":[6,14],"bloomSeason":["spring","summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["white","purple","lavender","pink"],"attracts":["hoverflies","tiny wasps","bees"],"pollinatorValue":"high","sowDepthInches":0,"germinationDays":[5,14],"squareFootUse":"Tuck four plants into a square or run them as a soft living edge under taller crops.","harvestNotes":"Shear lightly if bloom gets tired; it often returns in cooler weather.","varietyNotes":"White types are strongest for beneficial insects; purple and pink types bring more color.","varieties":[{"name":"Carpet of Snow","type":"cultivar","traits":["white","beneficial insect","low edge"],"daysToMaturity":[45,60],"heightInches":[3,6],"color":"white","note":"The useful white edge for tiny beneficial insects."},{"name":"Easter Bonnet","type":"series","traits":["compact","color range","container friendly"],"daysToMaturity":[45,60],"heightInches":[4,8],"color":"white, lavender, violet, rose","note":"A tidy series for bed edges and containers."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Lobularia maritima","inaturalist":"Lobularia maritima","perenual":"Sweet Alyssum","trefle":"Lobularia maritima"}},"score":{"totalScore":92,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Lobularia maritima in Brassicaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":94,"detail":"4 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":100,"detail":"3 planting windows, 45F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Lobularia maritima","family":"Brassicaceae","genus":"Lobularia","species":"Lobularia maritima","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Sweet Alyssum","Lobularia maritima","alyssum","sweet alison"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"4 per square","score":94,"detail":"Tuck four plants into a square or run them as a soft living edge under taller crops. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"semi-hardy","score":100,"detail":"Indoor start. Direct sow. Transplant. Repeat about every 28 days."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":80,"detail":"Can pause in heat. Surface-sown seed dries quickly. Soil minimum 45F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"pollinator, beneficial insect","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; white, purple, lavender, pink."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"White types are strongest for beneficial insects; purple and pink types bring more color."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Carpet of Snow","type":"cultivar","traits":["white","beneficial insect","low edge"],"daysToMaturity":[45,60],"heightInches":[3,6],"color":"white","note":"The useful white edge for tiny beneficial insects.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Easter Bonnet","type":"series","traits":["compact","color range","container friendly"],"daysToMaturity":[45,60],"heightInches":[4,8],"color":"white, lavender, violet, rose","note":"A tidy series for bed edges and containers.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"snapdragon","commonName":"Snapdragon","scientificName":"Antirrhinum majus","family":"Plantaginaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"semi-hardy","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":9,"soilTempF":{"minimum":45,"preferred":[55,70]},"maturityDays":[90,110],"startIndoors":{"start":-84,"end":-56,"label":"Start indoors 8 to 12 weeks before last frost; surface sow."},"transplant":{"start":-21,"end":21,"label":"Transplant in cool weather after hardening off."},"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"stake","companions":["lettuce","onion","calendula","sweet-alyssum"],"cautions":["Slow from seed.","Tall cutting types need netting or stakes."],"fvfNote":"Snapdragons carry spring like a secret. They are worth the early start when you want flowers before summer takes over.","color":"#d06f8f","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["garden snapdragon"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","edge plant"],"habit":"cool-season spike flower","heightInches":[12,48],"spreadInches":[6,12],"bloomSeason":["spring","early summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["white","pink","yellow","red","orange","purple"],"attracts":["bumblebees"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0,"germinationDays":[7,14],"squareFootUse":"Use short series in bed squares and tall cutting series where support is already planned.","harvestNotes":"Cut when lower flowers open; cool weather gives the best stems.","varietyNotes":"Tall florist series are not the same as compact bedding snaps; choose by height first.","varieties":[{"name":"Madame Butterfly","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","double bloom","tall"],"daysToMaturity":[100,120],"heightInches":[28,36],"color":"many colors","note":"A beautiful cutting snapdragon that needs an early start."},{"name":"Rocket","type":"series","traits":["tall","cut flower","strong stems"],"daysToMaturity":[100,120],"heightInches":[30,42],"color":"many colors","note":"A sturdy spike for rows or supported bed edges."},{"name":"Twinny","type":"series","traits":["compact","double bloom","container friendly"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[10,14],"color":"peach, rose, white, yellow","note":"A better fit where the square-foot bed needs flowers but not height."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Antirrhinum majus","inaturalist":"Antirrhinum majus","perenual":"Snapdragon","trefle":"Antirrhinum majus"}},"score":{"totalScore":92,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Antirrhinum majus in Plantaginaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":92,"detail":"1 per square with stake support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":92,"detail":"2 planting windows, 45F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":100,"detail":"3 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Antirrhinum majus","family":"Plantaginaceae","genus":"Antirrhinum","species":"Antirrhinum majus","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Snapdragon","Antirrhinum majus","garden snapdragon"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":92,"detail":"Use short series in bed squares and tall cutting series where support is already planned. Support: stake."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"semi-hardy","score":92,"detail":"Indoor start. Transplant. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":74,"detail":"Slow from seed. Tall cutting types need netting or stakes. Soil minimum 45F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; white, pink, yellow, red."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"3 options","score":100,"detail":"Tall florist series are not the same as compact bedding snaps; choose by height first."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Twinny","type":"series","traits":["compact","double bloom","container friendly"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[10,14],"color":"peach, rose, white, yellow","note":"A better fit where the square-foot bed needs flowers but not height.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Madame Butterfly","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","double bloom","tall"],"daysToMaturity":[100,120],"heightInches":[28,36],"color":"many colors","note":"A beautiful cutting snapdragon that needs an early start.","fitScore":62,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"},{"name":"Rocket","type":"series","traits":["tall","cut flower","strong stems"],"daysToMaturity":[100,120],"heightInches":[30,42],"color":"many colors","note":"A sturdy spike for rows or supported bed edges.","fitScore":62,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"celosia","commonName":"Celosia","scientificName":"Celosia argentea","family":"Amaranthaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"heat-loving","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":60,"preferred":[70,85]},"maturityDays":[75,95],"startIndoors":{"start":-42,"end":-28,"label":"Start indoors 4 to 6 weeks before last frost."},"transplant":{"start":14,"end":42,"label":"Transplant only after warm nights are reliable."},"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"none","companions":["pepper","basil","marigold","zinnia"],"cautions":["Cold checks growth hard.","Avoid overwatering seedlings."],"fvfNote":"Celosia waits for heat and then shows off. It is all flame and velvet once summer finally means it.","color":"#b83248","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["cockscomb","wheat celosia","plumed celosia"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","container"],"habit":"upright heat-loving annual flower","heightInches":[12,48],"spreadInches":[8,18],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["red","orange","yellow","pink","magenta"],"attracts":["bees"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0.125,"germinationDays":[7,14],"squareFootUse":"Use one square for compact types; taller plume or wheat types need support and airflow.","harvestNotes":"Cut when flowers are well developed but before stems age; dries beautifully.","varietyNotes":"Wheat types are easiest in mixed beds; crested types bring drama but less insect access.","varieties":[{"name":"Chief","type":"series","traits":["cockscomb","cut flower","dramatic"],"daysToMaturity":[90,100],"heightInches":[28,40],"color":"red, rose, orange, gold","note":"Bold and formal; give it heat and room."},{"name":"Flamingo Feather","type":"cultivar","traits":["wheat type","soft color","cut flower"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[30,42],"color":"pink blush","note":"Airier than crested celosia and easier to weave into a garden bed."},{"name":"Fresh Look","type":"series","traits":["plumed","compact","heat tolerant"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[12,18],"color":"red, yellow, orange","note":"Compact enough to behave near vegetables."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Celosia argentea","inaturalist":"Celosia argentea","perenual":"Celosia","trefle":"Celosia argentea"}},"score":{"totalScore":91,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Celosia argentea in Amaranthaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"1 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":92,"detail":"2 planting windows, 60F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":100,"detail":"3 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Celosia argentea","family":"Amaranthaceae","genus":"Celosia","species":"Celosia argentea","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Celosia","Celosia argentea","cockscomb","wheat celosia","plumed celosia"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":86,"detail":"Use one square for compact types; taller plume or wheat types need support and airflow. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"heat-loving","score":92,"detail":"Indoor start. Transplant. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":80,"detail":"Cold checks growth hard. Avoid overwatering seedlings. Soil minimum 60F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; red, orange, yellow, pink."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"3 options","score":100,"detail":"Wheat types are easiest in mixed beds; crested types bring drama but less insect access."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Fresh Look","type":"series","traits":["plumed","compact","heat tolerant"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[12,18],"color":"red, yellow, orange","note":"Compact enough to behave near vegetables.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"wait for real warmth before judging performance"},{"name":"Flamingo Feather","type":"cultivar","traits":["wheat type","soft color","cut flower"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[30,42],"color":"pink blush","note":"Airier than crested celosia and easier to weave into a garden bed.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"wait for real warmth before judging performance"},{"name":"Chief","type":"series","traits":["cockscomb","cut flower","dramatic"],"daysToMaturity":[90,100],"heightInches":[28,40],"color":"red, rose, orange, gold","note":"Bold and formal; give it heat and room.","fitScore":72,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"uses more visual space than compact utility types"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"bachelor-button","commonName":"Bachelor Button","scientificName":"Centaurea cyanus","family":"Asteraceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"hardy","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":9,"soilTempF":{"minimum":40,"preferred":[50,70]},"maturityDays":[65,85],"directSow":{"start":-28,"end":28,"label":"Direct sow in cool soil before the garden gets too warm."},"successionDays":21,"sun":"full sun","water":"low","support":"none","companions":["lettuce","peas","calendula","dill"],"cautions":["Prefers cool weather.","May flop in rich soil or shade."],"fvfNote":"Bachelor buttons are old-fashioned in the most useful way. Blue flowers in cool air make the whole bed feel awake.","color":"#4f74bf","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["cornflower","blue bottle"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","beneficial insect"],"habit":"cool-season branching annual flower","heightInches":[18,36],"spreadInches":[8,14],"bloomSeason":["spring","early summer"],"bloomColors":["blue","pink","white","purple"],"attracts":["bees","beneficial insects"],"pollinatorValue":"high","sowDepthInches":0.25,"germinationDays":[7,14],"squareFootUse":"Use one square in cool weather and cut often before plants lean.","harvestNotes":"Cut as flowers begin to open; direct sow for strongest stems.","varietyNotes":"Blue forms are classic; mixes add color but can feel less purposeful in a small bed.","varieties":[{"name":"Blue Boy","type":"cultivar","traits":["classic blue","cut flower","cool-season"],"daysToMaturity":[65,85],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"blue","note":"The simple classic, and still probably the one to grow first."},{"name":"Classic Magic","type":"mix","traits":["mix","cut flower","soft colors"],"daysToMaturity":[65,85],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"rose, white, purple","note":"A quieter palette when blue is not the mood."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Centaurea cyanus","inaturalist":"Centaurea cyanus","perenual":"Bachelor Button","trefle":"Centaurea cyanus"}},"score":{"totalScore":86,"verdict":"strong garden record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Centaurea cyanus in Asteraceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"1 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":79,"detail":"1 planting window, 40F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Centaurea cyanus","family":"Asteraceae","genus":"Centaurea","species":"Centaurea cyanus","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Bachelor Button","Centaurea cyanus","cornflower","blue bottle"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":86,"detail":"Use one square in cool weather and cut often before plants lean. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"hardy","score":79,"detail":"Direct sow. Repeat about every 21 days."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"low water","score":80,"detail":"Prefers cool weather. May flop in rich soil or shade. Soil minimum 40F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; blue, pink, white, purple."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Blue forms are classic; mixes add color but can feel less purposeful in a small bed."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Blue Boy","type":"cultivar","traits":["classic blue","cut flower","cool-season"],"daysToMaturity":[65,85],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"blue","note":"The simple classic, and still probably the one to grow first.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"best value comes from early cool timing"},{"name":"Classic Magic","type":"mix","traits":["mix","cut flower","soft colors"],"daysToMaturity":[65,85],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"rose, white, purple","note":"A quieter palette when blue is not the mood.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"best value comes from early cool timing"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"amaranth-flower","commonName":"Flowering Amaranth","scientificName":"Amaranthus hypochondriacus","family":"Amaranthaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"heat-loving","perSquareFoot":0.5,"spacingInches":18,"soilTempF":{"minimum":60,"preferred":[70,85]},"maturityDays":[75,110],"directSow":{"start":14,"end":56,"label":"Direct sow after soil is warm and nights are settled."},"transplant":{"start":14,"end":42,"label":"Transplant after frost without burying the crown."},"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"stake","companions":["corn","zinnia","basil","pepper"],"cautions":["Tall plants can shade neighbors.","Give dramatic types more than one square."],"fvfNote":"Flowering amaranth is not background music. Use it when you want height, drama, and late-season color with a pulse.","color":"#8b2842","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["grain amaranth","prince's feather"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","vertical"],"habit":"upright dramatic warm-season annual","heightInches":[36,72],"spreadInches":[18,30],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["burgundy","red","green","bronze"],"edibleParts":["young leaves","seed"],"attracts":["bees","birds"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0.125,"germinationDays":[4,10],"squareFootUse":"Use as a north-edge statement plant; it can shade small crops if placed carelessly.","harvestNotes":"Cut tassels when color is rich; leave seed heads if birds are part of the plan.","varietyNotes":"Upright plume types are easier than trailing love-lies-bleeding in a square-foot bed.","varieties":[{"name":"Hopi Red Dye","type":"cultivar","traits":["edible leaves","red dye","seed heads"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[48,72],"color":"deep red","note":"A useful dramatic plant when food, seed, and color all matter."},{"name":"Green Thumb","type":"cultivar","traits":["green tassel","cut flower","compact"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"green","note":"More compact and easier to place than the big red forms."},{"name":"Love-Lies-Bleeding","type":"group","traits":["trailing tassels","dramatic","needs space"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[36,60],"color":"burgundy","note":"Gorgeous, but use it where hanging tassels will not smother neighbors."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Amaranthus hypochondriacus","inaturalist":"Amaranthus hypochondriacus","perenual":"Flowering Amaranth","trefle":"Amaranthus hypochondriacus"}},"score":{"totalScore":91,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Amaranthaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"multi-square crop with stake support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":92,"detail":"2 planting windows, 60F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":100,"detail":"3 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Amaranthus hypochondriacus","family":"Amaranthaceae","genus":"Amaranthus","species":"Amaranthus hypochondriacus","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Flowering Amaranth","Amaranthus hypochondriacus","grain amaranth","prince's feather"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"2 squares per plant","score":86,"detail":"Use as a north-edge statement plant; it can shade small crops if placed carelessly. Support: stake."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"heat-loving","score":92,"detail":"Direct sow. Transplant. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":74,"detail":"Tall plants can shade neighbors. Give dramatic types more than one square. Soil minimum 60F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; burgundy, red, green, bronze."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"3 options","score":100,"detail":"Upright plume types are easier than trailing love-lies-bleeding in a square-foot bed."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Green Thumb","type":"cultivar","traits":["green tassel","cut flower","compact"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"green","note":"More compact and easier to place than the big red forms.","fitScore":94,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"wait for real warmth before judging performance"},{"name":"Hopi Red Dye","type":"cultivar","traits":["edible leaves","red dye","seed heads"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[48,72],"color":"deep red","note":"A useful dramatic plant when food, seed, and color all matter.","fitScore":56,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"},{"name":"Love-Lies-Bleeding","type":"group","traits":["trailing tassels","dramatic","needs space"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[36,60],"color":"burgundy","note":"Gorgeous, but use it where hanging tassels will not smother neighbors.","fitScore":46,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"strawflower","commonName":"Strawflower","scientificName":"Xerochrysum bracteatum","family":"Asteraceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"tender","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":60,"preferred":[65,80]},"maturityDays":[75,95],"startIndoors":{"start":-42,"end":-28,"label":"Start indoors 4 to 6 weeks before last frost for strong cut stems."},"directSow":{"start":14,"end":56,"label":"Direct sow after soil warms if the season is long enough."},"transplant":{"start":14,"end":42,"label":"Transplant after frost into warm, draining soil."},"successionDays":28,"sun":"full sun","water":"low","support":"none","companions":["zinnia","cosmos","basil","pepper"],"cautions":["Wet feet make weak plants.","Cut before flowers open too far for drying."],"fvfNote":"Strawflowers hold summer after summer has left. They are useful if the garden should keep speaking in winter.","color":"#d99346","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["everlasting flower","paper daisy"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator"],"habit":"upright warm-season everlasting flower","heightInches":[24,40],"spreadInches":[10,18],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["gold","orange","pink","red","white","bronze"],"attracts":["bees","butterflies"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0.125,"germinationDays":[7,14],"squareFootUse":"Use one square for cut stems or dried flowers; keep it on an airy edge if humidity is high.","harvestNotes":"Cut when the outer petals open but the center is still tight, then hang to dry.","varietyNotes":"Tall cutting mixes are better for drying; dwarf types are better for containers and bed edges.","varieties":[{"name":"Tall Double Mix","type":"mix","traits":["cut flower","dried flower","mixed colors"],"daysToMaturity":[75,95],"heightInches":[30,40],"color":"mixed warm colors","note":"The practical mix when dried stems are part of the plan."},{"name":"Copper Red","type":"cultivar","traits":["bronze red","drying","warm palette"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[28,36],"color":"copper red","note":"A stronger color choice for late-season arrangements."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Xerochrysum bracteatum","inaturalist":"Xerochrysum bracteatum","perenual":"Strawflower","trefle":"Xerochrysum bracteatum"}},"score":{"totalScore":91,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Xerochrysum bracteatum in Asteraceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"1 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":100,"detail":"3 planting windows, 60F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Xerochrysum bracteatum","family":"Asteraceae","genus":"Xerochrysum","species":"Xerochrysum bracteatum","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Strawflower","Xerochrysum bracteatum","everlasting flower","paper daisy"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":86,"detail":"Use one square for cut stems or dried flowers; keep it on an airy edge if humidity is high. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"tender","score":100,"detail":"Indoor start. Direct sow. Transplant. Repeat about every 28 days."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"low water","score":80,"detail":"Wet feet make weak plants. Cut before flowers open too far for drying. Soil minimum 60F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; gold, orange, pink, red."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Tall cutting mixes are better for drying; dwarf types are better for containers and bed edges."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Tall Double Mix","type":"mix","traits":["cut flower","dried flower","mixed colors"],"daysToMaturity":[75,95],"heightInches":[30,40],"color":"mixed warm colors","note":"The practical mix when dried stems are part of the plan.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Copper Red","type":"cultivar","traits":["bronze red","drying","warm palette"],"daysToMaturity":[75,90],"heightInches":[28,36],"color":"copper red","note":"A stronger color choice for late-season arrangements.","fitScore":64,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"gomphrena","commonName":"Gomphrena","scientificName":"Gomphrena globosa","family":"Amaranthaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"heat-loving","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":65,"preferred":[70,85]},"maturityDays":[85,105],"startIndoors":{"start":-56,"end":-35,"label":"Start indoors 5 to 8 weeks before last frost; warmth matters."},"transplant":{"start":21,"end":49,"label":"Transplant once nights are reliably warm."},"sun":"full sun","water":"low","support":"none","companions":["pepper","basil","zinnia","celosia"],"cautions":["Slow until real heat arrives.","Do not overwater young plants."],"fvfNote":"Gomphrena is patient little architecture. It waits for heat, then gives clean color for weeks.","color":"#b34173","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["globe amaranth"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","container"],"habit":"compact branching heat-lover","heightInches":[18,36],"spreadInches":[12,18],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["magenta","purple","pink","white","orange","red"],"attracts":["bees","butterflies"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0.125,"germinationDays":[7,14],"squareFootUse":"Use one square once heat is reliable; it behaves better than many summer flowers in tight grids.","harvestNotes":"Cut when flower heads are fully colored; stems dry well and keep color.","varietyNotes":"Classic globe types stay tidy; taller fireworks types need more height planning.","varieties":[{"name":"QIS","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","uniform","many colors"],"daysToMaturity":[85,100],"heightInches":[24,30],"color":"purple, pink, white, orange","note":"A dependable cutting series for small-space stems."},{"name":"Fireworks","type":"cultivar","traits":["tall","airy","pollinator"],"daysToMaturity":[90,105],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"hot pink with yellow tips","note":"Beautiful and bee-friendly, but not as compact as standard globe types."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Gomphrena globosa","inaturalist":"Gomphrena globosa","perenual":"Gomphrena","trefle":"Gomphrena globosa"}},"score":{"totalScore":89,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Gomphrena globosa in Amaranthaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"1 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":92,"detail":"2 planting windows, 65F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Gomphrena globosa","family":"Amaranthaceae","genus":"Gomphrena","species":"Gomphrena globosa","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Gomphrena","Gomphrena globosa","globe amaranth"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":86,"detail":"Use one square once heat is reliable; it behaves better than many summer flowers in tight grids. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"heat-loving","score":92,"detail":"Indoor start. Transplant. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"low water","score":80,"detail":"Slow until real heat arrives. Do not overwater young plants. Soil minimum 65F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; magenta, purple, pink, white."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Classic globe types stay tidy; taller fireworks types need more height planning."}],"varieties":[{"name":"QIS","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","uniform","many colors"],"daysToMaturity":[85,100],"heightInches":[24,30],"color":"purple, pink, white, orange","note":"A dependable cutting series for small-space stems.","fitScore":84,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"wait for real warmth before judging performance"},{"name":"Fireworks","type":"cultivar","traits":["tall","airy","pollinator"],"daysToMaturity":[90,105],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"hot pink with yellow tips","note":"Beautiful and bee-friendly, but not as compact as standard globe types.","fitScore":68,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"scabiosa","commonName":"Scabiosa","scientificName":"Scabiosa atropurpurea","family":"Caprifoliaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"semi-hardy","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":9,"soilTempF":{"minimum":50,"preferred":[55,70]},"maturityDays":[90,110],"startIndoors":{"start":-56,"end":-35,"label":"Start indoors 5 to 8 weeks before last frost."},"directSow":{"start":-14,"end":28,"label":"Direct sow in cool soil where summers are not too hard."},"transplant":{"start":-7,"end":28,"label":"Transplant in the cool shoulder season."},"successionDays":28,"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"stake","companions":["snapdragon","lettuce","calendula","bachelor-button"],"cautions":["Slows in heavy heat.","Tall cutting types appreciate light support."],"fvfNote":"Scabiosa brings a softer rhythm to the bed. It is delicate looking, but not helpless.","color":"#6e5f9f","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["pincushion flower"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","beneficial insect"],"habit":"branching cool-to-mild-season cut flower","heightInches":[18,36],"spreadInches":[10,16],"bloomSeason":["spring","summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["white","pink","lavender","burgundy","near black"],"attracts":["bees","butterflies","hoverflies"],"pollinatorValue":"high","sowDepthInches":0.125,"germinationDays":[10,14],"squareFootUse":"Use one square where cutting, airflow, and light support are easy.","harvestNotes":"Cut when the bloom face is open and stems are firm; leave some for seed heads.","varietyNotes":"Choose by stem length and color; dark cultivars are dramatic but can disappear in shade.","varieties":[{"name":"Black Knight","type":"cultivar","traits":["dark bloom","cut flower","dramatic"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"deep burgundy","note":"A strong accent flower if the bed has lighter neighbors."},{"name":"Fata Morgana","type":"cultivar","traits":["soft cream","cut flower","gentle color"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"cream","note":"A calmer scabiosa for mixed bouquets and softer garden color."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Scabiosa atropurpurea","inaturalist":"Scabiosa atropurpurea","perenual":"Scabiosa","trefle":"Scabiosa atropurpurea"}},"score":{"totalScore":92,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Scabiosa atropurpurea in Caprifoliaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":92,"detail":"1 per square with stake support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":100,"detail":"3 planting windows, 50F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Scabiosa atropurpurea","family":"Caprifoliaceae","genus":"Scabiosa","species":"Scabiosa atropurpurea","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Scabiosa","Scabiosa atropurpurea","pincushion flower"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":92,"detail":"Use one square where cutting, airflow, and light support are easy. Support: stake."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"semi-hardy","score":100,"detail":"Indoor start. Direct sow. Transplant. Repeat about every 28 days."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":74,"detail":"Slows in heavy heat. Tall cutting types appreciate light support. Soil minimum 50F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; white, pink, lavender, burgundy."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Choose by stem length and color; dark cultivars are dramatic but can disappear in shade."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Black Knight","type":"cultivar","traits":["dark bloom","cut flower","dramatic"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"deep burgundy","note":"A strong accent flower if the bed has lighter neighbors.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"uses more visual space than compact utility types"},{"name":"Fata Morgana","type":"cultivar","traits":["soft cream","cut flower","gentle color"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[24,36],"color":"cream","note":"A calmer scabiosa for mixed bouquets and softer garden color.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"stock","commonName":"Stock","scientificName":"Matthiola incana","family":"Brassicaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"semi-hardy","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":9,"soilTempF":{"minimum":45,"preferred":[50,65]},"maturityDays":[90,110],"startIndoors":{"start":-84,"end":-56,"label":"Start indoors 8 to 12 weeks before last frost for spring bloom."},"transplant":{"start":-28,"end":14,"label":"Transplant early into cool, settled weather."},"sun":"full sun","water":"steady","support":"none","companions":["snapdragon","lettuce","onion","sweet-alyssum"],"cautions":["Heat ends the show quickly.","Needs early timing to be worth the space."],"fvfNote":"Stock is a cool-spring luxury. It earns a square by making the whole bed smell more alive.","color":"#b97aa4","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["gillyflower","ten-week stock"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator"],"habit":"cool-season fragrant spike flower","heightInches":[12,30],"spreadInches":[8,12],"bloomSeason":["spring","early summer"],"bloomColors":["white","pink","rose","lavender","purple","cream"],"attracts":["bees"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0.125,"germinationDays":[7,14],"squareFootUse":"Use one square early, before warm-season crops need the room.","harvestNotes":"Cut when lower florets open; fragrance is the reason to grow it.","varietyNotes":"Column types make cleaner cuts; dwarf bedding types are less useful in a food garden.","varieties":[{"name":"Katz","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","fragrant","single stem"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[24,30],"color":"many colors","note":"A florist-style series for deliberate spring cutting."},{"name":"Vintage","type":"series","traits":["branching","fragrant","garden bed"],"daysToMaturity":[90,105],"heightInches":[16,22],"color":"soft pastels","note":"A better choice when the bed wants fragrance and a less formal habit."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Matthiola incana","inaturalist":"Matthiola incana","perenual":"Stock","trefle":"Matthiola incana"}},"score":{"totalScore":89,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Matthiola incana in Brassicaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"1 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":92,"detail":"2 planting windows, 45F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Matthiola incana","family":"Brassicaceae","genus":"Matthiola","species":"Matthiola incana","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Stock","Matthiola incana","gillyflower","ten-week stock"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":86,"detail":"Use one square early, before warm-season crops need the room. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"semi-hardy","score":92,"detail":"Indoor start. Transplant. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"steady water","score":80,"detail":"Heat ends the show quickly. Needs early timing to be worth the space. Soil minimum 45F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; white, pink, rose, lavender."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Column types make cleaner cuts; dwarf bedding types are less useful in a food garden."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Katz","type":"series","traits":["cut flower","fragrant","single stem"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[24,30],"color":"many colors","note":"A florist-style series for deliberate spring cutting.","fitScore":84,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Vintage","type":"series","traits":["branching","fragrant","garden bed"],"daysToMaturity":[90,105],"heightInches":[16,22],"color":"soft pastels","note":"A better choice when the bed wants fragrance and a less formal habit.","fitScore":70,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"larkspur","commonName":"Larkspur","scientificName":"Consolida ajacis","family":"Ranunculaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"hardy","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":9,"soilTempF":{"minimum":40,"preferred":[45,60]},"maturityDays":[90,120],"directSow":{"start":-42,"end":0,"label":"Direct sow very early into cool soil; fall sowing is also useful."},"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"stake","companions":["peas","lettuce","bachelor-button","calendula"],"cautions":["Needs cold to germinate well.","All parts are toxic if eaten."],"fvfNote":"Larkspur belongs to the brave cold edge of the season. Sow it before the easy weather arrives.","color":"#596ab2","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["annual delphinium","rocket larkspur"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","vertical"],"habit":"cool-season vertical spike flower","heightInches":[24,48],"spreadInches":[8,12],"bloomSeason":["spring","early summer"],"bloomColors":["blue","purple","pink","white"],"attracts":["bees"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0.25,"germinationDays":[14,21],"squareFootUse":"Use one square on a cool-season edge; it is vertical but not a warm-season filler.","harvestNotes":"Cut when lower florets open; seed pods are decorative but let plants self-sow.","varietyNotes":"Sublime mixes are easy, but single-color blue strains make the cleanest design statement.","varieties":[{"name":"Earl Grey","type":"cultivar","traits":["lavender gray","cut flower","cool-season"],"daysToMaturity":[100,120],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"lavender gray","note":"A refined color for a flower square that should not shout."},{"name":"Giant Imperial","type":"series","traits":["tall","cut flower","classic"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"blue, rose, white, lilac","note":"The standard larkspur series when height and stems are the goal."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Consolida ajacis","inaturalist":"Consolida ajacis","perenual":"Larkspur","trefle":"Consolida ajacis"}},"score":{"totalScore":88,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Consolida ajacis in Ranunculaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":92,"detail":"1 per square with stake support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":79,"detail":"1 planting window, 40F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Consolida ajacis","family":"Ranunculaceae","genus":"Consolida","species":"Consolida ajacis","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Larkspur","Consolida ajacis","annual delphinium","rocket larkspur"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":92,"detail":"Use one square on a cool-season edge; it is vertical but not a warm-season filler. Support: stake."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"hardy","score":79,"detail":"Direct sow. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":74,"detail":"Needs cold to germinate well. All parts are toxic if eaten. Soil minimum 40F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; blue, purple, pink, white."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Sublime mixes are easy, but single-color blue strains make the cleanest design statement."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Earl Grey","type":"cultivar","traits":["lavender gray","cut flower","cool-season"],"daysToMaturity":[100,120],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"lavender gray","note":"A refined color for a flower square that should not shout.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"},{"name":"Giant Imperial","type":"series","traits":["tall","cut flower","classic"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"blue, rose, white, lilac","note":"The standard larkspur series when height and stems are the goal.","fitScore":68,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"nigella","commonName":"Nigella","scientificName":"Nigella damascena","family":"Ranunculaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"hardy","perSquareFoot":4,"spacingInches":6,"soilTempF":{"minimum":40,"preferred":[50,65]},"maturityDays":[65,85],"directSow":{"start":-28,"end":28,"label":"Direct sow in cool soil; it resents transplant fuss."},"successionDays":21,"sun":"full sun","water":"low","support":"none","companions":["lettuce","peas","calendula","dill"],"cautions":["Short bloom window unless succession sown.","Self-sows if seed pods are left."],"fvfNote":"Nigella is lacework for the vegetable bed. It slips into small spaces and leaves behind beautiful seed pods.","color":"#7ba2c4","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["love-in-a-mist"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["cut flower","pollinator","edge plant"],"habit":"lacy cool-season annual","heightInches":[12,24],"spreadInches":[6,12],"bloomSeason":["spring","early summer"],"bloomColors":["blue","white","pink"],"attracts":["bees"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0.125,"germinationDays":[10,14],"squareFootUse":"Tuck four plants into a square for a light cool-season flower before summer crops fill in.","harvestNotes":"Cut flowers young, or leave seed pods for dried arrangements.","varietyNotes":"Miss Jekyll is the classic blue; mixes make sense when seed pods are the main harvest.","varieties":[{"name":"Miss Jekyll Blue","type":"cultivar","traits":["blue","seed pods","easy"],"daysToMaturity":[65,85],"heightInches":[18,24],"color":"blue","note":"The straightforward blue nigella to try first."},{"name":"Persian Jewels","type":"mix","traits":["mixed colors","seed pods","direct sow"],"daysToMaturity":[65,85],"heightInches":[16,24],"color":"blue, pink, white","note":"A useful mix if pods and airy color matter more than uniformity."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Nigella damascena","inaturalist":"Nigella damascena","perenual":"Nigella","trefle":"Nigella damascena"}},"score":{"totalScore":88,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Nigella damascena in Ranunculaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":94,"detail":"4 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":79,"detail":"1 planting window, 40F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Nigella damascena","family":"Ranunculaceae","genus":"Nigella","species":"Nigella damascena","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Nigella","Nigella damascena","love-in-a-mist"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"4 per square","score":94,"detail":"Tuck four plants into a square for a light cool-season flower before summer crops fill in. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"hardy","score":79,"detail":"Direct sow. Repeat about every 21 days."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"low water","score":80,"detail":"Short bloom window unless succession sown. Self-sows if seed pods are left. Soil minimum 40F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; blue, white, pink."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Miss Jekyll is the classic blue; mixes make sense when seed pods are the main harvest."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Miss Jekyll Blue","type":"cultivar","traits":["blue","seed pods","easy"],"daysToMaturity":[65,85],"heightInches":[18,24],"color":"blue","note":"The straightforward blue nigella to try first.","fitScore":70,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"best value comes from early cool timing"},{"name":"Persian Jewels","type":"mix","traits":["mixed colors","seed pods","direct sow"],"daysToMaturity":[65,85],"heightInches":[16,24],"color":"blue, pink, white","note":"A useful mix if pods and airy color matter more than uniformity.","fitScore":70,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"best value comes from early cool timing"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"sweet-pea-flower","commonName":"Sweet Pea","scientificName":"Lathyrus odoratus","family":"Fabaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"semi-hardy","perSquareFoot":4,"spacingInches":6,"soilTempF":{"minimum":40,"preferred":[50,65]},"maturityDays":[75,100],"startIndoors":{"start":-56,"end":-35,"label":"Start indoors 5 to 8 weeks before last frost if roots can stay undisturbed."},"directSow":{"start":-42,"end":14,"label":"Direct sow early into cool soil beside support."},"transplant":{"start":-28,"end":14,"label":"Transplant cool and early before vines tangle."},"sun":"full to part sun","water":"steady","support":"trellis","companions":["lettuce","peas","snapdragon","stock"],"cautions":["Seeds are toxic if eaten.","Heat shuts down bloom."],"fvfNote":"Sweet peas are all scent and timing. 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Soil minimum 40F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, vertical","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; white, pink, lavender, purple."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Spencer types are showier; old-fashioned types are often stronger for scent."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Spencer Mix","type":"mix","traits":["large blooms","cut flower","trellis"],"daysToMaturity":[85,100],"heightInches":[72,96],"color":"many colors","note":"A classic cutting mix where height is planned.","fitScore":70,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"},{"name":"Cupani","type":"cultivar","traits":["heirloom","strong scent","smaller flowers"],"daysToMaturity":[75,95],"heightInches":[60,84],"color":"purple and maroon","note":"Worth growing when fragrance matters more than huge flowers.","fitScore":56,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"rudbeckia","commonName":"Black-Eyed Susan","scientificName":"Rudbeckia hirta","family":"Asteraceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"semi-hardy","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":55,"preferred":[60,75]},"maturityDays":[90,110],"startIndoors":{"start":-70,"end":-42,"label":"Start indoors 6 to 10 weeks before last frost for first-year bloom."},"transplant":{"start":0,"end":35,"label":"Transplant after hardening off; 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Soil minimum 55F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"cut flower, pollinator","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; gold, yellow, orange, bronze."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Short bedding strains fit tighter beds; taller Sahara/Indian Summer types are stronger cuts."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Sahara","type":"cultivar","traits":["soft colors","cut flower","annual"],"daysToMaturity":[95,110],"heightInches":[20,28],"color":"caramel, rose, copper","note":"A modern annual rudbeckia with unusually soft tones.","fitScore":84,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Indian Summer","type":"cultivar","traits":["large bloom","gold","cut flower"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[30,36],"color":"gold","note":"Big, bright, and better on an edge than tucked into tiny crops.","fitScore":78,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"uses more visual space than compact utility types"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"mealycup-sage","commonName":"Mealycup Sage","scientificName":"Salvia farinacea","family":"Lamiaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"tender","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":60,"preferred":[65,80]},"maturityDays":[80,100],"startIndoors":{"start":-70,"end":-42,"label":"Start indoors 6 to 10 weeks before last frost."},"transplant":{"start":14,"end":42,"label":"Transplant after frost and after steady hardening off."},"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"none","companions":["tomato","pepper","basil","zinnia"],"cautions":["Slow from seed.","Deadhead or shear for repeat bloom."],"fvfNote":"Mealycup sage gives blue structure without demanding much. Bees understand it immediately.","color":"#4e63a7","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["annual blue salvia","mealy sage"],"lifecycle":"tender perennial","roles":["pollinator","beneficial insect","edge plant","container"],"habit":"upright spiked summer annual","heightInches":[18,36],"spreadInches":[12,18],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["blue","violet","white"],"attracts":["bees","butterflies","hummingbirds"],"pollinatorValue":"high","sowDepthInches":0.125,"germinationDays":[10,21],"squareFootUse":"Use one square as a vertical pollinator signal that stays relatively tidy.","harvestNotes":"Deadhead or shear tired spikes; leave some bloom for bees.","varietyNotes":"Victoria-type strains are compact and predictable; taller types need more room.","varieties":[{"name":"Victoria Blue","type":"cultivar","traits":["compact","blue spikes","pollinator"],"daysToMaturity":[80,100],"heightInches":[18,24],"color":"blue","note":"The practical square-foot salvia for a controlled bed."},{"name":"Evolution","type":"series","traits":["deep violet","compact","container friendly"],"daysToMaturity":[80,100],"heightInches":[16,24],"color":"violet blue","note":"A compact series with strong color and less sprawl."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Salvia farinacea","inaturalist":"Salvia farinacea","perenual":"Mealycup Sage","trefle":"Salvia farinacea"}},"score":{"totalScore":89,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Salvia farinacea in Lamiaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"1 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":92,"detail":"2 planting windows, 60F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Salvia farinacea","family":"Lamiaceae","genus":"Salvia","species":"Salvia farinacea","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Mealycup Sage","Salvia farinacea","annual blue salvia","mealy sage"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":86,"detail":"Use one square as a vertical pollinator signal that stays relatively tidy. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"tender","score":92,"detail":"Indoor start. Transplant. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":80,"detail":"Slow from seed. Deadhead or shear for repeat bloom. Soil minimum 60F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"pollinator, beneficial insect","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; blue, violet, white."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Victoria-type strains are compact and predictable; taller types need more room."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Victoria Blue","type":"cultivar","traits":["compact","blue spikes","pollinator"],"daysToMaturity":[80,100],"heightInches":[18,24],"color":"blue","note":"The practical square-foot salvia for a controlled bed.","fitScore":100,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Evolution","type":"series","traits":["deep violet","compact","container friendly"],"daysToMaturity":[80,100],"heightInches":[16,24],"color":"violet blue","note":"A compact series with strong color and less sprawl.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"verbena-bonariensis","commonName":"Tall Verbena","scientificName":"Verbena bonariensis","family":"Verbenaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"tender","perSquareFoot":0.5,"spacingInches":18,"soilTempF":{"minimum":55,"preferred":[60,75]},"maturityDays":[90,115],"startIndoors":{"start":-84,"end":-56,"label":"Start indoors 8 to 12 weeks before last frost; germination can be uneven."},"transplant":{"start":14,"end":42,"label":"Transplant after frost into an edge or corner."},"sun":"full sun","water":"low","support":"stake","companions":["tomato","zinnia","cosmos","pepper"],"cautions":["Tall open stems can shade small seedlings if placed badly.","May self-sow in mild pockets."],"fvfNote":"Tall verbena is a transparent curtain of purple. It lets the bed breathe while pollinators work through it.","color":"#7c61a8","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["purpletop vervain","tall verbena"],"lifecycle":"tender perennial","roles":["pollinator","beneficial insect","vertical"],"habit":"airy tall annualized perennial","heightInches":[36,72],"spreadInches":[18,24],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["purple","lavender"],"attracts":["butterflies","bees","beneficial insects"],"pollinatorValue":"high","sowDepthInches":0,"germinationDays":[14,28],"squareFootUse":"Use on a corner or outside edge where tall open stems will not shade young crops.","harvestNotes":"Cut lightly for airy stems; leave plenty for butterflies.","varietyNotes":"The straight species is tall and transparent; compact strains are easier in small beds.","varieties":[{"name":"Lollipop","type":"cultivar","traits":["compact","pollinator","edge plant"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[24,30],"color":"purple","note":"A better small-space verbena than the full-height species."},{"name":"Straight Species","type":"species","traits":["tall","butterfly plant","transparent"],"daysToMaturity":[90,115],"heightInches":[48,72],"color":"purple","note":"Use only where height and self-sowing are acceptable."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Verbena bonariensis","inaturalist":"Verbena bonariensis","perenual":"Tall Verbena","trefle":"Verbena bonariensis"}},"score":{"totalScore":89,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Verbena bonariensis in Verbenaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"multi-square crop with stake support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":92,"detail":"2 planting windows, 55F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Verbena bonariensis","family":"Verbenaceae","genus":"Verbena","species":"Verbena bonariensis","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Tall Verbena","Verbena bonariensis","purpletop vervain","tall verbena"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"2 squares per plant","score":86,"detail":"Use on a corner or outside edge where tall open stems will not shade young crops. Support: stake."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"tender","score":92,"detail":"Indoor start. Transplant. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"low water","score":74,"detail":"Tall open stems can shade small seedlings if placed badly. May self-sow in mild pockets. Soil minimum 55F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"pollinator, beneficial insect","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; purple, lavender."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"The straight species is tall and transparent; compact strains are easier in small beds."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Lollipop","type":"cultivar","traits":["compact","pollinator","edge plant"],"daysToMaturity":[90,110],"heightInches":[24,30],"color":"purple","note":"A better small-space verbena than the full-height species.","fitScore":100,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Straight Species","type":"species","traits":["tall","butterfly plant","transparent"],"daysToMaturity":[90,115],"heightInches":[48,72],"color":"purple","note":"Use only where height and self-sowing are acceptable.","fitScore":46,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"petunia","commonName":"Petunia","scientificName":"Petunia x atkinsiana","family":"Solanaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"tender","perSquareFoot":1,"spacingInches":12,"soilTempF":{"minimum":60,"preferred":[65,80]},"maturityDays":[80,100],"startIndoors":{"start":-84,"end":-70,"label":"Start very early indoors, or buy starts if seed timing is not worth it."},"transplant":{"start":14,"end":42,"label":"Transplant after frost into edges, corners, or containers."},"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"none","companions":["pepper","tomato","basil","sweet-alyssum"],"cautions":["Tiny seed and slow early growth.","Trailing types can smother small seedlings."],"fvfNote":"Petunias are not subtle, but they can soften a bed edge fast when summer finally opens.","color":"#9c5aa0","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["garden petunia","spreading petunia"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["edge plant","container","pollinator"],"habit":"mounding or trailing bedding annual","heightInches":[6,18],"spreadInches":[12,36],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["purple","pink","white","red","yellow","blue"],"attracts":["bees","moths","hummingbirds"],"pollinatorValue":"moderate","sowDepthInches":0,"germinationDays":[7,14],"squareFootUse":"Use on edges or containers; trailing types need room to spill away from seedlings.","harvestNotes":"Deadhead or shear when bloom gets tired; feed lightly for continuous color.","varietyNotes":"Seed-grown bedding types are compact; vegetative spreading types need more edge room.","varieties":[{"name":"Wave","type":"series","traits":["spreading","long bloom","edge only"],"daysToMaturity":[80,100],"heightInches":[6,12],"color":"many colors","note":"Useful only where it can spill outside the food grid."},{"name":"Dreams","type":"series","traits":["mounded","seed grown","compact"],"daysToMaturity":[80,100],"heightInches":[10,15],"color":"many colors","note":"More controlled than spreading types and easier near vegetables."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Petunia x atkinsiana","inaturalist":"Petunia x atkinsiana","perenual":"Petunia","trefle":"Petunia x atkinsiana"}},"score":{"totalScore":89,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Petunia x atkinsiana in Solanaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"1 per square with none support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":92,"detail":"2 planting windows, 60F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Petunia x atkinsiana","family":"Solanaceae","genus":"Petunia","species":"Petunia x","rank":"species group","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Petunia","Petunia x atkinsiana","Petunia x","garden petunia","spreading petunia"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record covers a practical garden group; use the variety cards to narrow real behavior."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"1 per square","score":86,"detail":"Use on edges or containers; trailing types need room to spill away from seedlings. Support: none."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"tender","score":92,"detail":"Indoor start. Transplant. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":80,"detail":"Tiny seed and slow early growth. Trailing types can smother small seedlings. Soil minimum 60F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"edge plant, container","score":90,"detail":"moderate pollinator value; purple, pink, white, red."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Seed-grown bedding types are compact; vegetative spreading types need more edge room."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Dreams","type":"series","traits":["mounded","seed grown","compact"],"daysToMaturity":[80,100],"heightInches":[10,15],"color":"many colors","note":"More controlled than spreading types and easier near vegetables.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"},{"name":"Wave","type":"series","traits":["spreading","long bloom","edge only"],"daysToMaturity":[80,100],"heightInches":[6,12],"color":"many colors","note":"Useful only where it can spill outside the food grid.","fitScore":86,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"match timing and spacing to the rest of the bed"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}},{"plant":{"slug":"cleome","commonName":"Cleome","scientificName":"Cleome hassleriana","family":"Cleomaceae","category":"flower","frostTolerance":"tender","perSquareFoot":0.5,"spacingInches":18,"soilTempF":{"minimum":60,"preferred":[65,80]},"maturityDays":[80,105],"startIndoors":{"start":-42,"end":-28,"label":"Start indoors 4 to 6 weeks before last frost if you want earlier height."},"directSow":{"start":14,"end":56,"label":"Direct sow after frost once soil has warmed."},"transplant":{"start":14,"end":42,"label":"Transplant after frost where height will not crowd the grid."},"sun":"full sun","water":"moderate","support":"stake","companions":["tomato","zinnia","basil","sunflower"],"cautions":["Large plants need edge space.","Can self-sow where seed pods mature."],"fvfNote":"Cleome is tall, strange, and useful in the right corner. It gives height without pretending to be tidy.","color":"#b56a9e","sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"]},"profile":{"aliases":["spider flower"],"lifecycle":"annual","roles":["pollinator","vertical","beneficial insect"],"habit":"tall branching summer annual","heightInches":[36,60],"spreadInches":[18,30],"bloomSeason":["summer","fall"],"bloomColors":["pink","white","rose","purple"],"attracts":["bees","butterflies","hummingbirds"],"pollinatorValue":"high","sowDepthInches":0.125,"germinationDays":[7,14],"squareFootUse":"Use only on a north edge or corner; mature plants are too wide for the middle of a tight grid.","harvestNotes":"Better as a garden structure plant than a cut flower; remove seed pods to limit self-sowing.","varietyNotes":"Compact thornless series are easier near paths and beds than older tall strains.","varieties":[{"name":"Senorita Rosalita","type":"cultivar","traits":["thornless","sterile","compact"],"daysToMaturity":[80,100],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"rose purple","note":"A more controlled cleome where self-sowing would be a problem."},{"name":"Queen Mix","type":"mix","traits":["classic","tall","self-sows"],"daysToMaturity":[80,105],"heightInches":[42,60],"color":"pink, rose, white","note":"Beautiful, but give it deliberate room and expect seedlings later."}],"externalNames":{"gbif":"Cleome hassleriana","inaturalist":"Cleome hassleriana","perenual":"Cleome","trefle":"Cleome hassleriana"}},"score":{"totalScore":91,"verdict":"deep plant record","rows":[{"key":"taxonomy","label":"Taxonomy confidence","weight":18,"score":94,"detail":"Cleome hassleriana in Cleomaceae; 2 cached source references."},{"key":"garden-fit","label":"Square-foot usefulness","weight":22,"score":86,"detail":"multi-square crop with stake support."},{"key":"timing","label":"Timing and care depth","weight":20,"score":100,"detail":"3 planting windows, 60F minimum soil, 2 cautions."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Species and variety drill-down","weight":16,"score":88,"detail":"2 variety or cultivar options attached."},{"key":"flowers","label":"Annual flower intelligence","weight":12,"score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value."},{"key":"sources","label":"Source readiness","weight":12,"score":82,"detail":"Ready for 4 external lookup paths."}]},"drilldown":{"taxonomy":{"scientificName":"Cleome hassleriana","family":"Cleomaceae","genus":"Cleome","species":"Cleome hassleriana","rank":"species","confidence":"reviewed","lookupNames":["Cleome","Cleome hassleriana","spider flower"],"sourceRefs":["usda-plants","gbif"],"note":"This record is anchored to a stable botanical name, then adjusted for square-foot garden decisions."},"gardenRows":[{"key":"spacing","label":"Square-foot fit","value":"2 squares per plant","score":86,"detail":"Use only on a north edge or corner; mature plants are too wide for the middle of a tight grid. Support: stake."},{"key":"season","label":"Season behavior","value":"tender","score":100,"detail":"Indoor start. Direct sow. Transplant. One main planting."},{"key":"care","label":"Care load","value":"moderate water","score":74,"detail":"Large plants need edge space. Can self-sow where seed pods mature. Soil minimum 60F."},{"key":"ecosystem","label":"Bed ecosystem role","value":"pollinator, vertical","score":90,"detail":"high pollinator value; pink, white, rose, purple."},{"key":"varieties","label":"Variety depth","value":"2 options","score":88,"detail":"Compact thornless series are easier near paths and beds than older tall strains."}],"varieties":[{"name":"Senorita Rosalita","type":"cultivar","traits":["thornless","sterile","compact"],"daysToMaturity":[80,100],"heightInches":[36,48],"color":"rose purple","note":"A more controlled cleome where self-sowing would be a problem.","fitScore":80,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"},{"name":"Queen Mix","type":"mix","traits":["classic","tall","self-sows"],"daysToMaturity":[80,105],"heightInches":[42,60],"color":"pink, rose, white","note":"Beautiful, but give it deliberate room and expect seedlings later.","fitScore":46,"bestUse":"cut and garden display","tradeoff":"needs edge placement or support so it does not shade smaller crops"}],"sourceLayer":[{"id":"local-cache","label":"FVF reviewed cache","mode":"cached","use":"Spacing, timing, variety, companion, and FVF notes used by the planner."},{"id":"gbif-inaturalist","label":"GBIF and iNaturalist","mode":"live no-key","use":"No-key taxonomy, common-name, and community context checks through the enrichment route."},{"id":"usda-downloads","label":"USDA PLANTS downloads","mode":"reference","use":"Periodic identity, distribution, native status, and conservation reference layer."},{"id":"perenual-trefle","label":"Perenual or Trefle","mode":"optional key","use":"Optional species images, care data, cultivar/synonym cleanup, then cache only reviewed fields."}]}}],"cache":"Local curated plant library with server-side external enrichment routes. External plant sources are normalized and cached before use."}